注:
(i) 南海诸岛是中国固有领土。中国人民在南海的活动已有2000多年历史。中国最早发现、命名和开发利用南海诸岛及相关海域,最早并持续、和平、有效地对南海诸岛及相关海域行使主权和管辖。中国对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益,是在漫长的历史过程中确立的,具有充分的历史和法理依据。基于中国人民和中国政府的长期历史实践及历届中国政府的一贯立场,根据中国国内法以及包括《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法,中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益包括:中国对南海诸岛,包括东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛拥有主权;中国南海诸岛拥有内水、领海和毗连区;中国南海诸岛拥有专属经济区和大陆架;中国在南海拥有历史性权利。中国上述立场符合有关国际法和国际实践。
(资料图片)
(ii) 本文依据国际水道测量组织出版的《洋与海的界限》(Limits of Oceans and Seas)确定南海这一地理概念的范围,不涉及任何政治话题和主张。
(iii) 封图、头图:永兴岛上的海军收复西沙群岛纪念碑
南海
South China Sea (Nan Hai)
界点1 马来半岛西南端的Tanjong Datok (1°22’ N 104°17’ E)
Boundary Point 1 Tanjong Datok, the Southeast extremity of Malay Peninsula (1°22’ N 104°17’ E)
界线1 连接界点1和界点2的直线
Limit 1 A line joining BP1 and BP2
界点2 宾坦岛东北端的Pulo Koko (1°’ N 104°35’ E)
Boundary Point 2 Pulo Koko, the Northeastern extremity of Bintan island (1°’ N 104°35’ E)
界线2 宾坦岛、巴淡岛北岸
Limit 2 The Northern coasts of Bintan and Batam Islands
界点3 Pulo Pemping Besar(1°’ N, 103°’ E)
Boundary Point 3 Pulo Pemping Besar (1°’ N, 103°’ E)
界线3 连接界点3和界点4和直线
Limit 3 A line joining BP3 and BP4
界点4 Klein Karimoen (1°10’ N, 103°’ E)
Boundary Point 4 Klein Karimoen (1°10’ N, 103°’ E)
界线4 连接界点4和界点5的直线
Limit 4 A line joining BP4 and BP5
界点5 Tanjong Kedabu(1°06’ N, 102°58’ E)
Boundary Point 5 Tanjong Kedabu (1°06’ N, 102°58’ E)
界线5 苏门答腊岛东岸
Limit 5 The East coast of Sumatra
界点6 Lucipara Point(3°14’ S, 106°05’ E)
Boundary Point 6 Lucipara Point (3°14’ S, 106°05’ E)
界线6 连接界点6和界点7的直线
Limit 6 A line joining BP6 and BP7
界点7 邦加岛西南端的Tanjong Nanka(3°’ S, 106°’ E)
Boundary Point 7 Tanjong Nanka, the Southwest extremity of Banka Island (3°’ S, 106°’ E)
界线7 邦加岛南岸、东岸
Limit 7 The South and East coast of Banka
界点8 邦加岛东端的Tanjong Berikat (2°34’ S, 106°51’ E)
Boundary Point 8 Tanjong Berikat, the Eastern extremity of Banka (2°34’ S, 106°51’ E)
界线8 连接界点8和界点9的直线
Limit 8 A line joining BP8 and BP9
界点9 勿里洞岛西北端的Tanjong Djemang (2°36’ S, 107°37’ E)
Boundary Point 9 Tanjong Djiemang, the Northwestern extremity of Billiton (2°36’ S, 107°37’ E)
界线9 勿里洞岛北岸
Limit 9 The North coast of Billiton
界点10 勿里洞岛东北端的Tanjong Boeroeng Mandi (2°46’ S, 108°16’ E)
Boundary Point 10 Tanjong Boeroeng Mandi, the Northeastern extremity of Billiton (2°46’ S, 108°16' E)
界线10 连接界点10和界点11的直线
Limit 10 A line joining BP10 and BP11
界点11 加里曼丹岛西南端的Tanjong Sambar (3°00’ S, 110°19’ E)
Boundary Point 11 Tanjong Sambar, the Southwestern extremity of Borneo (3°00’ S, 110°19’ E)
界线11 加里曼丹岛东岸
Limit 11 The East coast of Borneo
界点12 加里曼丹岛北端的Tanjong Sampanmangio (7°2’ N, 116°45’ E)
Boundary Point 12 Tanjong Sampanmangio, the Northern extremity of Borneo (7°2’ N, 116°45’ E)
界线12 连接界点12和界点13的直线
Limit 12 A line joining BP12 and BP13
界点13 巴拉巴克岛西端 (7°56’ N, 116°56’ E)
Boundary Point 13 The West extremities of Balabac (7°56’ N, 116°56’ E)
界线13 连接界点13和界点14的直线
Limit 13 A line joining BP13 and BP14
界点14 Secam Reef西端(8°’ N, 117°1’ E)
Boundary Point 14 The West extremities of Secam Reef (8°’ N, 117°1’ E)
界线14 连接界点14和界点15的直线
Limit 14 A line joining BP14 and BP15
界点15 Bancalan Island最西端(8°15’ N, 117°5’ E)
Boundary Point 15 The Western extremity of Bancalan Island (8°15’ N, 117°5’ E)
界线15 连接界点15和界点16的直线
Limit 15 A line joining BP15 and BP16
界点16 巴拉望岛西南端的Cape Buliluyan(8°20’ N, 117°11’ E)
Boundary Point 16 Cape Buliluyan, the Southwestern extremity of Palawan (8°20’ N, 117°11’ E)
界线16 巴拉望岛西岸
Limit 16 The West coast of Palawan
界点17 巴拉望岛北端的Cabuli Point (11°25’ N, 119°30’ E)
Boundary Point 17 Cabuli Point, the Northern extremity of Palawan (11°25’ N, 119°30’ E)
界线17 连接界点17和界点18的直线
Limit 17 A line joining BP17 and BP18
界点18 布桑加岛西北端 (12°20’ N, 119°53’ E)
Boundary Point 18 The Northwestern extremity of Busuanga (12°20’ N, 119°53’ E)
界线18 连接界点18和界点19的直线
Limit 18 A line joining BP18 and BP19
界点19 民都洛岛西端的Cape Calavite (13°27’ N, 120°18’ E)
Boundary Point 19 Cape Calavite, the Western extremity of Mindoro (13°27’ N, 120°18’ E)
界线19 连接界点19和界点20的直线
Limit 19 A line joining BP19 and BP20
界点20 卢邦岛西北端(13°31’ N, 120°5’ E)
Boundary Point 20 The Northwestern extremity of Lubang (13°31’ N, 120°5’ E)
界线20 连接界点20和界点21的直线
Limit 20 A line joining BP20 and BP21
界点21 吕宋岛Point Fuego (14°08’ N, 120°34’ E)
Boundary Point 21 Point Fuego on Luzon Island (14°08’ N, 120°34’ E)
界线21 吕宋岛西岸
Limit 21 The East coast of Luzon
界点22 吕宋岛东北端的Cape Engano (18°35’ N, 122°8’ E)
Boundary Point 22 Cape Engano, the Northeastern extremity of Luzon Island (18°35’ N, 122°8’ E)
界线22 连接界点22和界点23的直线
Limit 22 A line joining BP22 and BP23
界点23 巴林塘岛东端 (19°’ N, 122°’ E)
Boundary Point 23 The Eastern extremity of Balintang Island (19°’ N, 122°’ E)
界线23 连接界点23和界点24的直线
Limit 23 A line joining BP23 and BP24
界点24 Y’Ami Island东端 (21°7’ N, 121°57’ E)
Boundary Point 24 The Eastern extremity of Y’Ami Island (21°7’ N, 121°57’ E)
界线24 连接界点24和界点25的直线
Limit 24 A line joining BP24 and BP25
界点25 台湾岛南端的鹅銮鼻 (21°54’ N, 120°51’ E)
Boundary Point 25 Eluan Bi, the Southern extremity of Taiwan Dao (21°54’ N, 120°51’ E)
界线25 台湾岛东岸、北岸
Limit 25 The East and North coast of Taiwan Dao
界点26 台湾岛北端的富贵角 (25°17’ N, 121°32’ E)
Boundary Point 26 Fugui Jiao, the Northern extremity of Taiwan Dao (25°17’ N, 121°32’ E)
界线26 连接界点26和界点27的直线
Limit 26 A line joining BP26 and BP27
界点27 牛山岛(25°26’ N, 119°56’ E)
Boundary Point 27 Niushan Dao (25°26’ N, 119°56’ E)
界线27 连接界点27和界点28的直线
Limit 27 A line joining BP27 and BP28
界点28 海坛岛南端 (25°’ N, 119°’ E)
Boundary Point 28 The Southern extremity of Haitan Dao (25°’ N, 119°’ E)
界线28 海坛岛西岸
Limit 28 The West coast of Haitan Dao
界点29 界线28与界线29的交点 (25°24’ N, 119°45’ E)
Boundary Point 29 The intersection of L28 and L29 (25°24’ N, 119°45’ E)
界线29 北纬25°24’线
Limit 29 The parallel of 25°24’ N
界点30 界线29与界线30的交点 (25°24’ N, 119°39’ E)
Boundary Point 30 The intersection of L29 and L30 (25°24’ N, 119°39’ E)
界线30 亚欧大陆东岸
Limit 30 The Eastern coast of Eurasia
界点31 金瓯角 (8°38’ N, 104°44’ E)
Boundary Point 31 Mũi Cà Mau (8°38’ N, 104°44’ E)
界线31 连接界点31和界点32的直线
Limit 31 A line joining BP31 and BP32
界点32 Kelantan River河口东侧的最北端 (6°14’ N, 102°15’ E)
Boundary Point 32 The Northern extremity of the East side of the estuary of the Kelantan River (6°14’ N, 102°15’ E)
界线32 马来半岛东岸
Limit 32 The Eastern coast of Malay Peninsula
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